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Morpeth is the county town〔http://www.morpethherald.co.uk/news/local-news/the-title-belongs-to-morpeth-1-1539109 (''Morpeth Herald'', 24 March 2005).〕 of Northumberland in the northeast of England, lying on the River Wansbeck. Nearby villages include Mitford and Pegswood. In the 2011 census, the population of Morpeth was given as 14,017, up from 13,833 in the 2001 census.〔(Office for National Statistics: Neighbourhood Statistics )〕 The name literally means 'murder path', though the incident that gave rise to this grisly appellation is no longer known.〔(Did murder pave the way for town’s unusual name? ). The ''Morpeth Herald''. 17 July 2012.〕 == History == Morpeth grew up at an important crossing point of the Wansbeck.〔(''Local history – Morpeth (Northumberland)'', Keys To The Past, accessed April 18, 2008 )〕 Remains from prehistory are scarce but the earliest evidence of occupation found is a stone axe thought to be from the Neolithic period. There is also a lack of evidence pointing to activity during the Roman occupation of Britain, although it is considered likely that settlements existed in the area at this time.〔(Historic Morpeth - Discover Morpeth, Northumberland - the historic market town for great shopping, fabulous restaurants, stunning parks and gardens, and luxurious places to st... )〕 Following the Norman Conquest the town came into the possession of the de Merlay family, and a motte and bailey castle had been constructed by 1095.〔 Newminster Abbey was founded by Ranulf de Merlay, lord of Morpeth, and his wife, Juliana, daughter of Gospatric II, Earl of Lothian, as one of the first daughter houses of Fountains in 1138. The town became a borough by prescription. King John granted a market charter for the town to Roger de Merlay in 1199.〔(to get a say on future of historic Charter Market '', Castle Morpeth Borough Council, accessed 18 April 2008 )〕 The market is still held on Wednesdays. The town was badly damaged by fire in 1215 during the First Barons' War.〔(''Morpeth (St Mary)'', Samuel Lewis (editor), ''A Topographical Dictionary of England'', 1848, British history Online, accessed April 18, 2008 )〕 In the thirteenth century a stone bridge was built over the Wansbeck, replacing the ford previously in use.〔 Morpeth Castle was built in the fourteenth century by Ranulph de Merlay on the site of an earlier fortress: only the gatehouse (which was restored by the Landmark Trust in 1990 and now operates as a holiday rental} and parts of the ruined castle walls remain.〔 For some months in 1515–16 Margaret Tudor (Henry VIII's sister) and Queen Consort of Scotland (James IV's widow) lay ill at Morpeth Castle, having been brought there from Harbottle Castle. In 1540 Morpeth was described by the royal antiquary John Leland, as "long and metely well-builded, with low houses", and as "a far fairer town than Alnwick". During the 1543–50 war of the Rough Wooing, life in Morpeth was disturbed by a garrison of Italian mercenaries, who 'pestered such a little street standing in the highway' by killing deer and withholding payment for food.〔Historical Manuscripts Commission, ''12th Report & Appendix, Duke of Rutland'', vol.1 (1888), 44–5, Dacre to Rutland, 14 October 1549.〕 In 1552, William Hervey, Norroy King of Arms granted the borough of Morpeth a coat of arms. The arms were identical to those of Roger de Merlay, with the addition of a gold tower. In the letters patent, Hervey noted that he had included the arms of the ''"noble and valyaunt knyght"''... ''"for a p'petuall memory of his good will and benevolence towardes the said towne "''.〔A. C. Fox-Davies, ''The Book of Public Arms'', 2nd edition, London, 1915〕 Morpeth received its first charter of incorporation from Charles II. The corporation it created was controlled by seven companies or trade guilds : the Merchant Tailors, the Tanners, the Fullers and Dyers, the Smiths, the Cordwainers, the Weavers and the Butchers.〔 This remained the governing charter until the borough was reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Until the nineteenth century Morpeth had one of the main markets in northern England for live cattle.〔 The opening of the railways made transport to Newcastle easier, and the market accordingly declined.〔 During the Second World War, Royal Air Force Morpeth opened at nearby Tranwell and was a notable air-gunnery training school.〔(RAF Morpeth - Regiment History, War & Military Records & Archives )〕 The town and the county's history and culture are celebrated at the annual Northumbrian Gathering.〔(Morpeth Northumbrian Gathering | Northumbriana )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Morpeth, Northumberland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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